Effects of Glyphosate and Paraquat Residues in Soil on Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice
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Abstract
This study evaluated the germination of rice seed under soil contaminated with herbicide, glyphosate and paraquat. Each of the herbicides was arranged in 2 x 5 factorial in CRD with three replications. The first factor was application rates consisting of recommended rate and two times of recommended rate. Glyphosate included 240 and 480 g (ai)/rai while paraquat was 82.6 and 165.6 g (ai)/rai. The second factor was the seeding date at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after herbicide application. The results showed that the application rate and rice seeding date after spraying both glyphosate and paraquat herbicides affect the percentage of germination, shoot length and root length of rice. Glyphosate and paraquat herbicide application at two times the recommended rate resulted in lower germination percentage, shoot length, and root length of rice than that of the recommended rate. The percentage of germination at 21 days after glyphosate application at both rates increased to 92 % compared to no glyphosate application, while the percentage of germination, shoot length, and root length of rice at 28 days after applying at a rate of 240 g (ai)/rai were the same as with no glyphosate application. For paraquat, seeding at 21 days after both rates of application resulted in the percentage of germination, shoot length and root length being increased to 90 % compared with no paraquat application and tends to increase when the soil is left for longer. This study concluded that the soil should be left at least 21 days after glyphosate and paraquat application at both rates. Seeding before 21 days is not recommended, especially at two times the recommended rate.
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