UTILIZATION OF PIGEONPEA SEED AS PIG FEED AND ITS POTENTIAL IN THAILAND
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Abstract
Pigeonpea seeds contain approximately 20% of crude protein and 3609 kg cal digestible energy/kg. (air - dry basis). In Thailand, the benefits of adding pigeonpea seed to the traditional diet of native pigs raised by the hilltribe people of Northern Thailand have been reported. It is recommended that boiled pigeonpea seeds should be added to the diet at a daily rate of 1% of body weight.
In Australia, diets containing 30% pigeonpea meal produced lower growth rate and feed conversion efficiency in pigs than those on rations containing soybean meal, while there was no detrimental effects in chicks. The inferior protein quality of pigeonpea meal appeared to be due to the presence of antinutritional factors in the seed, possibly trypsin-inhibitors (26.0 untis/mg) and tannins (0.43 mg/g). However, heat treatment can improve its protein quality. The performances of pig fed on diets based on heat-treated pigeonpea (autoclaved at 110oc for 15 minutes) and soybean meal were similar in all parameters. Further treatment with alkali (0.8 N. NaOH) in combination with various autoclaving temperatures had no additional effect as determined in rats.
It can be concluded that pigeonpea seeds are suitable as protein and energy sources for animal. However, the potential for using in commercial animal feed in Thailand depends on its yield and price comparing to other feeds.
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