Effects of Goat Manure-Biochar Compost on Soil Microbial Activities Relating Soil Carbon Sequestration
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Abstract
This research aimed to study the responses of soil microorganisms associated with carbon cycling enzyme activity to the application of chemical fertilizers or organic materials concerning soil organic carbon accumulation. The experiment consisted of four treatments: 1) control (unamended soil); 2) chemical fertilizer (N-P-K = 15-15-15) (CF); 3) goat manure (GM); and 4) GM-biochar compost (GMBC). The study found that after 3 hours of organic input incorporation, the soil metabolic quotient (qCO2) was the highest in the GM treatment, followed by GMBC treatments (0.3617 and 0.26 mg CO2-C/g MBC/day, respectively). The cumulative CO2-C evolution was the highest in the GM treatment after 112 days of incorporation (2,578 mg CO2-C/m2/day), followed by the GMBC, CF, and control treatment (1,481, 685, and 613 mg CO2-C/m2/day, respectively). The specific ß-glucosidase activity increased sharply with the GM treatment (878 µg p-nitrophenol/g MBC/h) after 21 days of organic inputs. Therefore, the specific phenoloxidase activity in the GMBC treatment had the highest enzyme activity of 0.044 and 0.036 µmol dicq/g MBC/h on days 21 and 77 (P < 0.05). Absolute ß-glucosidase was positively correlated with CO2 emissions (r = 0.6648***), while microbial biomass C was also governed by the activity of this enzyme (r = 0.6438***). Our study indicated that the C form of organic inputs had a stronger influence on C-cycling enzyme activities than the influence of nitrogen. The goat manure biochar composts were the best suited for improving soil the organic C content in sandy soil, as it contains both easily and resistant C compounds coupled with an appropriate C/N ratio for microbial use.
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