Iron and Zinc Biofortification of Hydroponic Lettuce
Keywords:
iron, zinc, biofortification, lettuce, hydroponicAbstract
Nowadays, an inadequate daily intake of iron and zinc is a widespread problem. This led to the study of the effect of biofortification by iron or zinc on growth and nutrients content in hydroponic lettuce. The experiment design was Factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design with green cos, frillice iceberg, green oak, red oak and butterhead and nutrient solution (control formula, Fe addition formula and Zn addition formula). The result showed that Fe or Zn fortified lettuce grow normally without nutrient toxicity or deficiency. Green cos, frillice iceberg and red oak cultivated in Fe addition formula showed no significant differences in growth when compared with the control formula. It also increased Fe content 1.3-2.3 times, with frillice iceberg obtain the highest Fe content (471.93 mg/kg dry weight). The content of P, Ca, Mg, and Mn tended to increase but Zn and Cu content tended to decrease. When adding Zn addition formula, red oak’s whole fresh weights increased 58%. Zn content in lettuce increased 4.2-18.9 times, especially in butterhead and red oak (376.67 and 365.80 mg/kg dry weight, respectively). The addition Zn increased Ca content but P, K, Fe, Mn, and Cu content tended to decrease, except for red oak which Fe content increase 1.1 times. The maximum Fe and Zn content in edible part fresh weight of frillice iceberg and butterhead were 3.02 and 2.64 mg/kg which did not exceed the daily intake of iron and zinc standard. It could be upgraded to a functional vegetable in the future.
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