ผลของตำแหน่งชิ้นส่วนใบต่อการชักนำแคลลัสในกาแฟโรบัสต้าพันธุ์ชุมพร 2

Jackrit Anantasaran; Karistsapol Nooprom; Narakorn Treedecha

doi:10.14456/jare-mju.2026.22

Authors

Jackrit Anantasaran Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7047-8028
Karistsapol Nooprom Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla
Narakorn Treedecha Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/jare-mju.2026.22

Keywords:

Coffee tissue culture, Coffea canephora, Chumphon 2, callus induction, leaf wounding

Abstract

Callus induction from leaf explants is a crucial step in coffee tissue culture for rapid and efficient mass propagation of seedlings. This research aimed to study factors affecting callus induction from leaves of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) cv. Chumphon 2, a popular variety in southern Thailand. The study examined three sequential experiments to test: (1) the effects of explant origin on sterility and callus formation; (2) the effects of leaf segment position and culture medium; and (3) the effects of leaf incisions on callus development. Young leaves from the 2^nd – 3^rd pairs from the shoot apex were collected from four sources: farmers' fields in Khlong Hoi Khong district, Songkhla province; experimental plots; a greenhouse and a controlled environment room at Songkhla Rajabhat University. Each leaf was divided into three segments (base, middle, and apex), sterilized with 1.2% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes, then cultured on NPCM medium (containing 1/2MS modified salts, 0.5 mg L^-1 2,4-D, and 1 mg L^-1 2ip) and C medium (containing 1/2MS salts, 0.5 mg L^-1 2,4-D, 2 mg L^-1 2ip and 1 mg L^-1 IBA) under dark conditions for four weeks followed by light conditions for six weeks, combined with leaf incisions to increase surface area. The results Results showed that leaves from the control environment room had the highest rates of sterility and callus formation (95 and 90%, respectively). Leaf base segments cultured on NPCM medium produced the best quality callus in terms of morphological characteristics, number of initiation sites (5.3 sites per explant), and diameter (3.8 mm). Incisions on both dorsal and ventral leaf surfaces promoted high-quality callus formation with a compact texture and dark green color (100%), suitable for further development into organs or somatic embryos. These findings can be applied to enhance the production of high-quality callus for commercial propagation of Coffea canephora cv. Chumphon 2.

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