Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Drone-Based Pest Control Service Providers for Coconut Plantations in Samut Songkhram Province

Abstract

This study investigated the application of chemical formulations suitable for agricultural drones to control coconut pests under real field conditions and to transfer knowledge for developing drone-based pest control service providers in Samut Songkhram Province. An area-based action research approach was conducted to pilot the use of agricultural drones for chemical spraying, compared with conventional manual spraying, in two coconut plantations covering 40 rai (approximately 800 trees). A mist-spraying agricultural drone was operated at a height of 2 meters with a spraying duration of 8 seconds per tree. Two chemical formulations, lufenuron and flubendiamide (each with an adjuvant), were applied twice at 7-day intervals, with monitoring at 15, 30, and 60 days after first application.

The results showed that both formulations reduced black-headed caterpillar infestation by more than 85% within 60 days and promoted clear tree recovery, including new shoot emergence and increased leaf greenness. Water-sensitive paper analysis confirmed effective spray coverage across all canopy levels. Knowledge transfer activities on safe chemical use and drone operation supported the development of model operators and readiness for drone service providers. However, challenges related to high initial investment, hidden maintenance costs, and limited local after-sales services remain. The study recommends establishing standardized cost frameworks and strengthening support systems to ensure the long-term sustainability of community-based agricultural drone services.